event.txt現行+brazilz flavor イベント ####### 128K BRAZIL FLAVOUR #######;;;;;;;;;;;X,,,,,,,,, EVT128023D;1840年5月、ドン・ペドロ二世として知られるわずか14歳の\nペドロ・デ・アルカンタラ・ジョアン・カルロス・レオポルド・\nサルバドール・ビビアーノ・フランシスコ・ザビエル・デ・パウラ・\nミゲル・ガブリエル・ラファエル・ゴンザガ\nが正式に即位し9年に及ぶ摂政の期間が終わる。\nまたこれにともない摂政は廃止された。\n \n彼は皇帝即位を期にバライヤーダ、カバナゲム、ファルピーリャ、\nサビーノ、プレロスなどの反逆勢力に対して大赦を行う。\nドン・ベドロ二世の即位とコーヒー農場の拡大はついに\nドン・ベドロ一世治下の荒波のような時代からの\nブラジルを脱却させることとなった。;;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128027D;「奥地」は沿岸の'文明都市'から距離を置いた\nブラジルの違った一面を見せてくれる作品だ。\n \nこの作品は、国内に野蛮でそして巨大な全く違った国が\n存在していることを教えてくれる\nまたこの作品はブラジル人たちの記憶に新しい、\nカヌードスの血なまぐさい事件を取り扱っている。;;;;;;;;;;;X,,,,,, EVT128045D;ブラジル駐在のイギリス大使、ウィリアム・クリスティーは、\nドン・ペドロ二世に砂州に座礁した英国船から盗まれた、\n積荷に対する支払いを要求した。周辺住民による略奪である。\n皇帝はこの支払いを拒否した。\n \n二年後、英国人の将校二名が祈祷所で暴行事件を起こし逮捕された\nクリスティーは公式にこの将校の解放と先年の積荷への支払いを要求。\nドン・ペドロ二世は、クリスティーを追放しロンドン駐在の\nブラジル大使を呼び戻すべきか悩むこととなる。;;;;;;;;;;;X,,,,, EVT128053D;ブラジル浪漫主義小説は「真の国家の存在意義」をインディオたちを\nブラジル人の手によって美化することによって模索した。\n \n小説家ジョゼ・デ・アレンカールは、卓越した技巧をもって「グラアニー族」、\n「イラセマ」などをあらわしこれを顕現してみせた。;;;;;;;;;;;X,,,,,,, EVT128071D;セアラ州は浅瀬に面するため船舶は接舷できず、\n船荷をジャンガダと呼ばれる小さな筏を利用して積みおろしする必要があった。\nこの筏の顔役フランシスコ・ドナシメントは奴隷解放運動に参加し、\n積荷として奴隷を乗船させることを拒否し、また他の筏にもこれを徹底した。\nこうしてセアラ州での奴隷の乗船および受け取りは不可能となった。\n官憲や政府の圧力にもかかわらずジャンガダの船団は\n強硬に南東に向かうあらゆる船に奴隷を運ぶことを許さなかった。\n \nこの運動は成功し、1884年3月セアラ州において奴隷制は事実上崩壊した。\nフランシスコ・ドナシメントはこの行動から、\n海龍(シードラゴン)として知られることとなった。;;;;;;;;;;;X, EVT128118D;ペレイラ・パソス市長は都市の大規模な再開発を行った。\n中央通りの開通、港湾の現代化、ベイラ・マル通りの建設。\n街路と歩道の整備、一般道の舗装、レーメトンネルの開通。\nアトレティカ通りなどを作り始め、下町と郊外をつなぎ始めた。\n'長靴履きの市長'とあだ名された彼の手法と進歩への\nツルハシは都市を大いに近代化に向けた。\n \n都市が進歩するにつれて貧困層はリオを取り囲む丘陵地に\n追い出されることとなり、これが今日に残るリオ周辺の\nフェイブラス(一種のスラム)の誕生でもあった。;;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128128D;カナダ資本の Light and Power Co., が\n水力発電による開発の優先権を取得。\nフォンテの発電所建設を皮切りに、\n市街電車、電話、ガス会社などの権利を得た。;;;;;;;;;;;X,,,,, EVT128005N;Positivism in the Army;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128005D;After the War of Paraguay, the positivism found an echo in the Army. To reach the positive stage, the modern societies would have to be organized in scientific basis and to conciliate the order and the progress, even if it is necessary to use violence to achieve this. The Brazilian military identified the positivism with the republican ideals. Some officers felt they were in charge of organizing a dictatorship republic, to correct the vices of the organization in the politics.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128005A;Order and Progress;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128017N;The betrayal of the Lanceiros Negros;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128017D;The Lanceiros Negros was a battalion formed by freed-slaves. Itｴs existence was viewed as threat to the monarchy and was one of the points of the Ponche Verde Peace. Disarmed and betrayed by its comandander, Davi Canabarro, the black soldiers were massacred by the imperial army under the command of the future Duke of Caxias in November of 1844, closing the topic of freed-slaves.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128017A;The africans are slaves!!!;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128017B;They have won their freedom.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128018N;The Second War of the Farrapos;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128018D;The very existence of the Piratini Republic is an offense to our country and a shame to our military. We shall take in arms again and finish it, once and for all!;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128018A;No, they have won their freedom.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128018B;Die Rebels!;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128020N;The Amazonas Theater Opens;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128020D;In Manaus, deep in the Amazon Rainforest, the majestic Amazonas Theater opens; it represents the power of the rubber extracting industry, which has brought Manaus onto the international stage.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128020A;OK.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128021N;The Amazonas Theather Closes;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128021D;With the end of the Rubber Cycle, Manaus almost became a ghost-city.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128021A;Darn!!!;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128022N;The Brazilian Parlamentarism;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128022D;In accordance with the Constitution, to organize the ministerial cabinets the emperor had absolute freedom of choice. However in 1843, he putted in charge one person to compose the ministry, it was the first parliamentarist step. The idea pleased him and in 20 of July of 1847 a decree was published, that created the Presidency of the Cabinet, giving origin to the classic parliamentarism in Brazil.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128022A;Institute the Parlamentarism.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128022B;Keep the way it is.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128023N;The Crowning of Dom Pedro II;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128023D;EVT128023D;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128023A;Dom Pedro II is crowned.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128024N;The Marriage of the Emperor;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128024D;The princess that came in a contract base was nothing similar to the pictures that had been sent to Brazil. She was ugly, short, fat and limped of a leg; and almost 4 years older than Dom Pedro II. Under the impact of first meeting his bride, the young monarch cried in the arms of his teacher, the Condessa de Belmonte. She would have said 'Fulfill your duty, my son'. In May 30th, 1843, the Emperor marries with the Princess Teresa Cristina of Bourbon, daughter of Francesco I of Bourbon, King of Two Sicilies.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128024A;Our Emperor marries.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128025N;Dom Pedro II dies;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128025D;On December 6th, 1891, exiled in Paris, Dom Pedro II, the last Brazilian emperor dies, and with him the desire of a few to reinstate the monarchy.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128025A;The last Brazilian monarch dies.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128026N;The Guarani;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128026D;The most famous Brazilian opera, composed by Carlos Gomes, opens in the great Scala of Milan.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128026A;The Guarani received a standing acclamation.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128027N;Os Sertoes by Euclydes da Cunha;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128027D;EVT128027D;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128027A;Os Sertoes is published.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128028N;The Battle of the Porpoises;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128028D;A naval division, in charge of patrolling the Atlantic, in front to the Senegal, during the WWI, anchored in Dakar, where the Spanish Influenza almost decimated half of the crew. When it was finaly sent to Gibraltar, the squadron opened fire against a shoal of fish of porpoises, judging to be dealing with German submarines.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128028A;Is our navy really THAT bad!?;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128029N;The Santos Dumont flight over Paris;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128029D;In November 12th, 1906, Alberto Santos Dumont made six flights with the 14-bis, before an admiring crowd in Paris - the first flight with a device considered heavier than air. The later revelation of a flight in the United States by the Wright Brothers was taken into consideration only years later.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128029A;Wright Brothers? Who!?;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128038N;Law of the Free Womb;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128038D;In September 28th, 1871, the conservative cabinet of Viscount of the Rio Branco, approved the Law of the Free Womb. Abolicionism was a dominant issue for the liberals and the conservatives were forced to make some concessions, thus delaying the most radical liberal for years.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128038A;Now they can born free.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128039N;The Saraiva-Cotegipe Bill.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128039D;Another law with the intention to delay the abolitionist movement was signed in September 28th, 1884. This bill stated that slaves over sixty are free, however they must remain as unpaid labor for a number of years, based on age, as a form of compensation to their masters. The bill, although a symbol of more freedom, was a bitter joke given that so few slaves lived until age sixty. And it still exempted the farmers of all the unproductive slaves.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128039A;Now they can die free.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128040N;The Abolitionist Confederation;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128040D;The Abolitionist Confederation was created. With the group organized, it radicalized the abolitionism fight, giving strong support to the fugitive slaves. This provoked massive escapes and the creation of many quilombos, several of them inside or in the vicinity of the great cities, such as Rio de Janeiro and Santos.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128040A;A new group to fight for the slaves.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128041N;The Flower Battle;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128041D;The Princess Isabel went out at the streets of Petropolis distributing camellias, the symbol of the abolitionists, while a group of abolitionists went behind collecting donations for the cause.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128041A;Princess Isabel hoist her weapons, the flowers.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128044N;The Liberal Revolt of 1842;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128044D;The liberal revolution, comes out in the capital in May of 1842. It was led by Rafael Tobias de Aguiar. The rebels obtain the support of the priest Diogo Feijo. They try to advance on the capital and are defeated by the Army, under the command of the baron of Caxias. Feijo was imprisoned. Caxias arrives with the Army and wins in a violent combat, the leaders are imprisoned, and in March of 1844, amnestied by the emperor.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128044A;The liberals are revolting!;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128045N;The English Ambassor;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128045D;EVT128045D;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128045A;Expel William Christie.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128045B;Apologize and pay the cargo.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128046N;Leopold decides in our favor;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128046D;Leopold I decided in our favor in the Christie case.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128046A;Try to conciliate with England.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128046B;Let them be.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128047N;Leopold decides in their favor;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128047D;Leopold I decided in their favor in the Christie case.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128047A;Comply.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128047B;Don't pay.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128048N;Brazilian Civil Code;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128048D;In 1917, after some months of vacatio legis, Brazil enacted the Brazilian Civil Code which made the courts work easier and more efficient.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128048A;Enact it!;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128048B;We don't need a new Civil Code!;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128050N;The Banishment of the Royal Family;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128050D;One of the first acts of the provisory government of the republic was the banishment of the imperial family. One day after the announcement of the Republic, Dom Pedro II received a message ordering him to leave the country. He yielded and left the country with all his family in the following day.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128050A;Banish them, they are a menace!;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128050B;They are inoffensive.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128052N;The First Naval Mutiny;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128052D;The fleet in Guanabara Bay at Rio de Janeiro, commanded by Vice-Admiral Custodio de Melo, challenged President Deodoro da Fonseca, threatening to bombard the city. This episode was decisive to the renounce of the President.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128052A;Custodio de Melo threaten Rio de Janeiro.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128053N;Jose de Alencar and the Nacionalismo Indigenista;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128053D;EVT128053D;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128053A;Jose de Alencar influences the Brazilian Nationalism.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128054N;Machado de Assis and the Social Critique;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128054D;The most important representative of the social critic in brazilian literature was Machado de Assis. Its romances Dom Casmurro, Esau e Jaco and Memorias Postumas de Bras Cubas, or the short stories, as O Alienista, reflect in a subtle, ironic and mordacious way the social transformations and the crisis of values of the Empire society.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128054A;Machado de Assis and his work.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128055N;National Academy of Letters;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128055D;Together with other intellectuals, Machado Assis creates the Brazilian Academy of Letters, in 1876, of which he was the first president.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128055A;The National Academy of Letters.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128056N;The Reform of the Criminal Code;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128056D;A controversial measure of the conservative cabinet, was the reform of the Criminal Code, with the centralization of the legal actions and the police. The judges of peace, elected in the cities, were dismissed of the bigger part of their functions, which passed to the hands of judges nominated by the imperial government. The measure was disliked by some sectors of the agrarian elites, and the representatives of the Liberal Party refused to obey.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128056A;Enact it!;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128056B;We don't need a new Criminal Code.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128057N;The Religious Question;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128057D;A priest was suspended by the bishop of the capital for having participated on a Freemason solemnity. Later the bishops of Olinda and Para forbid the participation of Freemasons in the Catholic cults. Dom Pedro II intervenes and orders to suspend the measure. The bishops keep their position and are imprisoned and convicted to forced works. They receive solidarity from the other bishops and the Vatican. Later they were amnestied, but the Catholic Church didn't pardon Dom Pedro and removed their support.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128057A;Stay with the Freemasons.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128057B;Stay with the Church.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128058N;The Electoral Reform;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128058D;Part of the claims from the urban population was taken care by the Saraiva Bill, elaborated by Rui Barbosa in January of 1881, that remodeled the electoral legislation. It established direct elections, the eligibility for non-catholics and freed-slaves. But it kept the requirement of superior annual income of 200 mil-reis for the qualification of the voters. It meant that only a very small number of land owners, suscessful merchants and capitalists were allowed to vote.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128058A;Approve.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128058B;Disapprove.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128059N;The Republican Manifest;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128059D;In December of 1870, the periodical A Republica appears in Rio De Janeiro, publishing the Republican Manifesto, the reference text for the Brazilian republicans. It defends the federalism in opposition to the Unitarianism of the Empire, nails the end of the union State-Church and the lifetime Senate. These ideas gain force in important provinces, where were formed regional republican parties, a newness in front of the old parties.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128059A;The Monarchy is decadent.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128060N;The Industrial Opposition;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128060D;The opposition to the monarchy extended to the industrialists of Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro and to the urban middle classes. The industrials wanted to reduce the importations and claimed that they didnｴt had space in the Parliament, dominated by the agrarian aristocracy. The urban classes demanded greater social representation and the end of the indirect electoral system, that in the 1876 elections, allowed only 0,25% of the population to have the right to vote.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128060A;The Aristocracy is decadent.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128064N;The Laboring Confederation;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128064D;The first laboring association of national character was the Laboring Confederation, established in 1908. Two years later the Confederation carried through the first Laboring Congress in the country. Between 1908 and 1909 and of 1913 the 1915 the Confederation Laborer edited the periodical The Voice of the Worker.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128064A;Now they have a voice.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128065N;The Labor Party;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128065D;Without formal mechanisms of political participation, the laboring class started to organize itself, with intentions to extend the labor laws. In the end of 19th century, the first laboring leagues appeared, later, they changed into unions. In 1890 the Laboring Party was established.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128065A;Now they have representation.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128066N;The Brazilian Socialist Party;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128066D;After the foundation of the Laboring Party, in 1902, the Brazilian Socialist Party was established and the laboring periodical Avanti starts to be edited.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128066A;Now they have more representation.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128067N;General Strike of 1917;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128067D;1917 was marked by a series of small strikes that culminate in a general strike, carried through Sao Paulo, in July. 45 thousand workers participated. They demanded a wage readjustment of 20% and forced the government to take care of to some of their claims: fiscalization of the prices in the retail, freedom for imprisoned laborers and to not punish the strikers.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128067A;Attend some of their demands.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128067B;Attend all their demands.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128067C;Crush the strike.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128068N;The 13 Generals Manifest;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128068D;To aggravate the situation even more, the waited return to the legality did not happen. Against the pretensions of Floriano, thirteen officers (general and admirals) had launched one manifesto in April of 1892, demanding the immediate accomplishment of the presidential elections, as it was ordered in the Constitution. The reaction of Floriano was simple: he reformed the officers.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128068A;Reform them.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128068B;Arrest them.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128068C;Cave in.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128071N;Slavery Abolished in Ceara;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128071D;EVT128071D;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128071A;Released the slaves.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128072N;The American Cotton Fields are Destroyed;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128072D;In 1860 the cotton became the second product of national exportation. The expansion of its culture, in the period, was consequence of the American Civil War, which disorganized the cotton production of Southern USA.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128072A;Let's sow our cotton fields.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128073N;The American Cotton Fields are Back;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128073D;After the normalization of the American cotton production, due to their effort to reconstruct its economy, after the end of the American Civil War, the Brazilian production lost its competitive advantage, and the cotton fields were soon left empty.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128073A;We lost the market.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128088N;Brazilian Commercial Code;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128088D;In 1850, the Brazilian government enacted the Commercial Code which set rules for commerce, financial institutions and naval commerce. It was heavily influentied by the 1808 French Code de Commerce which was based on the Theory of Commercial Acts.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128088A;Enact it!;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128088B;Let the market rule itself.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128090N;The First Naval Mutiny;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128090D;The revolt was led by Admiral Custodio de Melo and had the support of the monarchist Admiral Saldanha da Gama. In the battleship Aquidaba Custodio asks for the restoration of the Constitution, threatening the Capital, even exchanging shots with the Fort of Santa Cruz.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128090A;Custodio de Melo threaten Rio de Janeiro, again!;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128091N;Invasion of Desterro;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128091D;With the taking of Desterro, in Santa Catarina, by the rebels of the Navy, the two revolutionary movements that had nothing in common: the Naval Mutiny and the Federalist Revolt, now had their future together.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128091A;Custodio de Melo disembarks in Desterro;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128092N;The Battle of Armacao;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128092D;In 13 of March of 1894, the Navy rebels were defeated by the legalist forces. Saldanha of Gamma and other 525 rebels pled asylum in Portuguese ships, anchored in the bay of Guanabara. The incident provoked the disruption of the diplomatic relations between Brazil and Portugal.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128092A;Crap!;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128094N;Antonio Conselheiro;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128094D;Antonio Conselheiro formed a group of adepts in the hinterland of Pernambuco. He became known in 1893, when he entered in shock with the local authorities. Reason: the raise of the taxes. Conselheiro makes speaches against the Republic and says that the new regimen worsen the conditions of life of the poor, giving him a label of monarchist. With his group, he burns the proclamations that announced the collection of taxes. From then and on, keeping constant conflicts with the civil and religious authorities.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128094A;Antonio Conselheiro preaches in Pernambuco.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128095N;Arraial de Canudos;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128095D;Forbidden by the Church to make speaches and pursued by the police, Antonio Conselheiro and his followers went into the hinterland. There established the Arraial de Canudos, a mix of primitive community and military encampment, congregating almost 30.000 inhabitants. The community prospered and started to let the land-owners of the region and the Church uneasy. To defend themself, Antonio Conselheiro started to organize several armed groups.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128095A;Antonio Conselheiro founds Arraial de Canudos.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128096N;War of Canudos;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128096D;Between November of 1896 and March of 1897, federal troops made three onslaughts against the Arraial and were defeated. The failure scared the government and a new expedition was organized in the middle of 1897 with 8.000 soldiers, some machine guns and two cannons, under the command of General Guimaraes. The combats started in June of 1897 and were drawn out until October. The troops of the government occupied the town and killed Antonio Conselheiro. The fight continued for 5 more days.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128096A;Send the troops.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128096B;Let them be.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128097N;Failure at Canudos;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128097D;The federal troops had been repelled by the gunmen of Canudos commanded by Quinquin Coiam. They attacked the soldiers with nothing more than scythes, woods and old rifles. The officers who would wage war against Conselheiro, knew little of Canudos and its geographic and physical situation.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128097A;Send more troops!;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128097B;Let them be.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128098N;Success at Canudos;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128098D;The federal troops, armed with machine guns and artillery, finnaly were able to lay siege to Canudos, despite heavy losses from thirst, hunger, desertion and guerrila warfare tactics used by the followers of Conselheiro. Conselheiro himself died at the siege, who lasted for another 5 days before it ended. Canudos was the biggest massacre of civilians promoted by the republican government until that date.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128098A;We have won.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128099N;Bring the BIG Guns;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128099D;To calm the public opinion, poisoned by false opinions on Canudos, it was urgent to crush Antonio Conselheiro. The fourth expedition that was formed would be commanded by four generals, with 20.000 men, of the which half would enter in combat, and even the Minister of War went to the place to follow the fight.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128099A;Level the village!!!;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128105N;Blanco Raids in Rio Grande do Sul;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128105D;The internal politics of Uruguay in the following years had continued tense, the conflicts between Blancos and Colorados incited even more. In the start of 1860, the Blancos led by Aguirre, questioned the Colorados authority, and also the constant Brazilian interventions. Attacks of Blancos had become commom to the cattle farms all over the border.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128105A;Protest.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128105B;Don't start another conflict.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128108N;Voluntarios da Patria Corps;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128108D;Not even the Independence mobilized the population in such a way as the War of Paraguay. The truth was: with the Paraguay War, the feeling of being Brazilian gained force. After all, it placed in combat 122,700 soldiers, of which 54,500 was volunteers. For the first time in history, thousands of Brazilians fought for the same cause, a common enemy.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128108A;Use Volunteers.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128108B;Our Army can handle.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128110N;A Retirada da Laguna by Alfredo Taunay;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128110D;In May of 1867, the Brazilian Army suffered one of its worse defeats, portraied in 'The Withdrawal of Lagoon' by Alfredo Taunay, one of the commanders of the operation. Telling the history of 1680 men, commanded by the colonel Carlos Camisao, sent to the Mato Grosso with the objective to expel the Paraguayans from the region. An epic march with combat, retreats and diseases, which resulted in the survival of 700 men.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128110A;A Retirada da Laguna was published.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128111N;The Campos Salle's Visit;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128111D;The president of Brazil visits Buenos Aires and he's welcome with three days of celebration. Chile suspects that there is a secret alliance between Argentina and Brazil.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128111A;Proceed;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128111B;We don't need it;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128115N;Marquis of Caxias Left the Front;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128115D;In Brazil, the pressures to end of the combats in Paraguay were increasing. The commander-in-chief, Caxias, was against the continual of the war, sougth to convince the ministers of the Empire to end the conflict by diplomatic efforts. But Dom Pedro II insisted on the continuation of the war, forcing Caxias to resign, in his place was nominated the Count d'Eu, husband of the princess Isabel.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128115A;Put Conde d'Eu in charge.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128117N;Voluntarios da Patria Corps;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128117D;In 1867, when the necessity of new conscripts in the Army, the volunteer decree was extended to all the citizens of the Empire. The urgency in the conscription made the Army to open itself to the low layers of the population, congregating white and mulattos, former-slaves and aristocrats. Becoming the institution that better represented the low layers of the population.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128117A;Extended the Decree.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128117B;We have sufficient troops.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128118N;Reurbanization of Rio de Janeiro;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128118D;EVT128118D;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128118A;The Shovels and Picks of the Progress.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128118B;We can't afford.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128119N;The Avenida Central and the Ouvidor Street;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128119D;The urban revolution had as focal point the construction of the Central Avenue. The workmanships had started in February and after nine months, 614 properties had been put down. The rents had gone off and the poor people were banished from the downtown.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128119A;A shiny new Downtown.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128120N;The Municipal Theather;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128120D;The facade of the Municipal Theater was modernized by a commission in accordance with all approved projects, with the intention of creating a series of postcards in all the city.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128120A;The Municipal opens tonight.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128121N;The National Library;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128121D;The facade of the National Library was modernized by a commission in accordance with all approved projects, with the intention of creating a series of postcards in all the city.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128121A;The doors of our library are open again.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128122N;The Beira-Mar Avenue;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128122D;Beyond the Central Avenue, the Beira-Mar Avenue was also constructed, thanks to which the Cariocas had discovered how pretty it was. The ample streets had also allowed that the population had glimpsed the mountains, perceiving that the city was between two natural monuments: the mountain range and the sea.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128122A;Between the sea and the hills.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128123N;The Marriage of the Princess;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128123D;It was natural that the government and the people gave importance to the marriage of the Princess. After exchanging correspondence with the european nobility, the Princess chose her Prince, Louis Philippe Marie Ferdinand Gaston, the Conde d'Eu. The marriage took place in the Imperial Chapel, in Rio De Janeiro, October 15, of 1864. Followed by the honeymoon in Petropolis, and after that to Europe where the Princess was introduced to the parents of her husband.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128123A;Our Princess marries.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128126N;The Marriage of the Princess;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128126D;It was natural that the government and the people gave importance to the marriage of the Princess. After exchanging correspondence with the european nobility, the Princess chose her Prince, Louis Philippe Marie Ferdinand Gaston, the Conde d'Eu. The marriage took place in the Imperial Chapel, in Rio De Janeiro, October 15, of 1864. Followed by the honeymoon in Petropolis, and after that to Europe where the Princess was introduced to the parents of her husband.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128126A;Our Princess marries.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128127N;The Crowning of Isabel I;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128127D;On December 6th, 1891, with the death of the Emperor Pedro II, the Isabel, the Reedemer, assumes the Crown of the Brazilian Empire.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128127A;Isabel I, the Redeemer, is crowned.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128128N;The Rio de Janeiro Tramway, Light and Power;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128128D;EVT128128D;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128128A;The 'Light' shine on us.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128133N;Failure Attempt against the President Life;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128133D;In November of 1897, President Prudente de Morais was welcoming the ship Espirito Santo, which returned with troops who had fought in Canudos. An individual approached the President with a pistol, Prudente parried the weapon with his top-hat, but it was not this that saved him, the weapon failed five times! Still before being imprisoned, the individual managed to kill the minister of the War. His death was the excuse to decree a state of siege and to deflagrate a political revenge.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128133A;How can he failed in his attempt!?;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128136N;Succesful Attempt against the President Life;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128136D;In November of 1897, welcoming the Espirito Santo, which returned with troops who had fought in Canudos. An individual approached the President with a pistol, Prudente parried the weapon with his top-hat, but it was not sufficient to save his life. Marcelino Bispo de Melo, one low patent soldier, was his assassin.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128136A;Let the flag at half mast.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128137N;Sao Paulo, The Coffee Metropolis;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128137D;With the expansion of coffee plantations at northwestern part of the Sao Paulo state, the city of Sao Paulo, expericiend enormous growth. The coffee production now had to pass through there in the way of the Santos Port. Moreover, bored with the farming confinement, the coffe barons had determined to move there, carrying all their money along.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128137A;Open the Coffee Avenue.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128137B;We can't afford.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128138N;The Viaduto do Cha;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128138D;The mark of urban unclasping of Sao Paulo, ironical called the Tea Viaduct. In 1892, the city already had become the metropolis of coffee. Transposing the flooded areas, the viaduct led to a region of newly demarked land between the street of the Consolacao and the Pacaembu.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128138A;Rejoice.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128139N;Avenida Paulista;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128139D;In the top of the ridge of the Caaguacu, the Sao Paulo Avenue was a boulevard tipped of platanos and oaks. In little time, all the lots that bordered the avenue were sold, then small palaces were built with the money from the coffee exports.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128139A;Rejoice.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128140N;The Ports Modernization;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128140D;Afonso Pena assumed the Presidency showing that his interests was not only coffee. Having conscience that Brazil exported other products, he ordered the modenization of the ports of Recife, Vitoria and of Porto Alegre, to facilitate the draining of the national production.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128140A;Call the workers.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128140B;We don't have that kind of money.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128143N;Arms to the Coffee;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128143D;The vertiginous expansion of the coffee farming coincided with the abolitionism campaign. Therefore the coffee barons had soon started to worry about the manpower. Demanding to the government in exchange by their adhesion to the campaign, one governmental program of incentive to immigration. Between 1887 and 1887, a series of agreements between European countries and Brazil had been signed, and a enormous numbers of farmers had started to come, in special from Italy, Prussia and Spain.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128143A;Close the deals.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128143B;How much!?;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128150N;Labor Discussion;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128150D;A quarrel on which would be the most efficient work form (slavery or free labor)was being debated in the state. The aristocracy, owner of the great farms, especially coffee, tries to impose its standarts on the slavery system.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128150A;We need more slaves.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128150B;We need free labor;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128151N;Labor Discussion;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128151D;With the English pressure for the end of slavery and the various abolisionist movements that started to appear in the cities, the system of free labor started to be debated, and the incentive european immigration, to work in the farms, is in high, agaisnt the old slavery system.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128151A;We need free labor.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128151B;We need more slaves.;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128200N;First to Fly;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128200D;Alberto Santos-Dumont successfully tested his flying machine at Bagatelle Field, near Paris. His flight lasted 22.5 seconds and flew 220 meters.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128200A;OK;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128201N;The First Woman Pilot;;;;;;;;;;X EVT128201D;Anesia Pinkeiro Machado becomes the first woman to be qualified as a pilot.;;;;;;;;;;X ACT128201A;OK;;;;;;;;;;X